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The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre ((ポーランド語:Areszt Śledczy Kraków Podgórze)) is a correctional facility located at ul. Stefana Czarnieckiego 3 in Kraków, Poland, in the municipal district of Podgórze. Originally, it was a turn-of-the-century County Court and revenue service, built in 1905, from design by Ferdynand Liebling. At present, it is a community branch of ''Detention Centre Kraków'', with main building located at ul. Montelupich 7 street. The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre specializes in drug-and-alcohol-addiction therapy and serves also as a temporary arrest facility. It was created in 1971 as a prison for men with the holding capacity of 207. It was made into a detention facility in 1990. There's a medical clinic and a dentist on-site. Prisoners who completed the recovery program work with mentally and physically disabled clients. During World War II, it was a Nazi German prison, a place of secret detention and torture of Polish members of the Resistance, ''Armia Krajowa''. It is memorialized as a notorious site of martyrdom during the German occupation of Poland.〔Stanisław Dąbrowa-Kostka, ''W okupowanym Krakowie: 6 IX 193918 I 1945'', Warsaw, Wydawnictwo MON, 1972, p. 17.〕〔Stanisław Porębski, ''Krakowskie Szare Szeregi'', Harcerska Oficyna Wydawnicza Krakowskiej Komendy Chorągwi ZHP (Harcerstwa Polskiego ), Kraków, 1985.〕〔Paweł Miłobędzki, ''Harcerze w okupowanym Krakowie 19391945'', (H.U.P. Gąsiorowska Barbara ) Komisja Historyczna Krakowskiej Chorągwi ZHP, Kraków 2005, ch. 4. ISBN 8392180224.〕 The prison facility had a Gestapo station attached to it.〔Stanisław Strzelichowski (19261950), ''Dwa lata: grudzień 1942 październik 1944'', ed. E. Strzelichowska-Dubalska, hist. annotations A. Basak, Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1972, p. 254. 〕 The prison was initially incorporated within the borders of the Kraków Ghetto when that district was created by the Nazis in March 1941; however, in the redistricting of June 1942 (following mass deportations of the Ghetto population) the whole street was placed outside the confines of the Ghetto.〔Tadeusz Pankiewicz, ''Apteka w getcie krakowskim'', Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 2003, p. 114. ISBN 8308033539.〕 ==Overview== In Polish literature, the prison is commonly referred to simply as ''więzienie przy ulicy Czarnieckiego'' ("the prison in Czarniecki Street").〔Andrzej Chwalba, ''Dzieje Krakowa'', vol. 6 (''Kraków w latach 19451989''), ed. J. Bieniarzówna & J. M. Małecki, Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2004, p. 194. ISBN 8308036368, ISBN 8308001157.〕 The facility comprises the main building, constructed in 1905 (since 1996 listed in the register of historical monuments), and the adjoining parcel of land covering 3,133 square metres and surrounding the building on both sides and at the back (bounded on the south by the ulica Rękawka).〔Description of the current state of the facility on the Prison Administration website of the Polish Ministry of Justice. ((See online.) )〕 The grounds were used by the Nazis as execution grounds during the Second World War which ended here with the liberation of Cracow on 18 January 1945. The facility was used by the Nazis as a ''de facto'' subsidiary (''Zweiganstalt'') of the significantly larger facility in the ulica Montelupich.〔Wincenty Hein & Czesława Jakubiec, ''Montelupich'', Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1985, pp. 53, 59, 201. ISBN 8308003931. Cf. Stanisław Piwowarski & Jacek Salwiński, ''Rozbicie więzienia św. Michała w Krakowie 18 VIII 1946 r.'', Cracow, Krakowski Klub Artystyczno-Literacki, 1997, p. 12. ISBN 838581650X.〕 Among the numerous victims murdered here is counted the Polish poet, Zuzanna Ginczanka.〔Izolda Kiec, ''Zuzanna Ginczanka: życie i twórczość'', Poznań, Obserwator, 1994, pp. 162163, 177. ISBN 8390172003. Kiec consistently misspells the name of the street as "ulica Czarneckiego (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/sic" TITLE="sic">sic'' )".〕 The prison is mentioned in the diaries of Holocaust survivors, such as Stanisław Taubenschlag (b. 1920; the son of Rafał Taubenschlag),〔Stanisław Taubenschlag, ''To be a Jew in Occupied Poland: Cracow, Auschwitz, Buchenwald'', tr. (from the French) D. Herman, Oświęcim, Frap-Books, 1998, p. 29. ISBN 8390699230, ISBN 9788390699233. (First published as ''Być Żydem w okupowanej Polsce: KrakówAuschwitzBuchenwald'', 1996.)〕 and was the place of imprisonment by the Nazis of Polish elite represented by the sculptor, Jan Krzyczkowski (19101980).〔Monika Bednarek & Jacek Salwiński, ''Pomorska: przewodnik po miejscu pamięci narodowej i oddziale Muzeum Historycznego miasta Krakowa'', Cracow, Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa, 2003, p. 34. ISBN 8391425177.〕 It appears in the memoirs of Tadeusz Pankiewicz, the proprietor of the famous "Under the Eagle" pharmacy (''Apteka Pod Orłem'') nearby, featured in the award-winning film, ''Schindler's List''.〔Tadeusz Pankiewicz, ''The Cracow Ghetto Pharmacy'', tr. H. Tilles, New York, Holocaust Library, 1987, P. 30. ISBN 0896040860; ISBN 0896040879. (First published as ''Apteka "Pod Orłem" w getcie krakowskim'', 1966.) Pankiewicz's pharmacy is 200 metres (700 feet) away from the Czarnieckiego Prison.〕 The various methods of torture used by the Nazis against the detainees included an early form of waterboarding performed in a bathtub full of water, which close family members of the victims specially brought to the prison for the occasion were made to witness as an added terror tactic (e.g., in the case of Józef Świstak ''nom de guerre'' Bunkier, a member of the Szare Szeregi, d. 1944, whose mother was made to witness his martyrdom).〔The report of Czesław Sułek ''nom de guerre'' Cenio; in: ''Podgórski pluton dywersyjny "Alicja" Szarych Szeregów w Krakowie'', ed. Cz. Skrobecki, Komisja Historyczna ZBoWiD (KrakówPodgórze ), 1983. ((Read excerpts online.) )〕 The prison was a military target in the attempts by the Armia Krajowa to free prisoners incarcerated there.〔Piotr Stachiewicz, ''Akcja Koppe: krakowska akcja "Parasola"'', 2nd ed., corr. & enl., Warsaw, Wydawnictwo MON, 1982, p. 39. ISBN 831106752X.〕〔Ryszard Nuszkiewicz, ''Uparci'', Warsaw, PAX, 1983, pp. 194 & 199. ISBN 8321104657.〕〔Włodzimierz Rozmus ''nom de guerre'' Buńko, ''W oddziałach partyzanckich i baonie "Skała"'', Cracow, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987, pp. 3334. ISBN 8303017934.〕〔Dionizy Garbacz, ''Mroczne lata: Stalowa Wola, 19391944'', Stalowa Wola, Wydawnictwo Sztafeta, 1993, p. 107, n. 12.〕〔Teodor Gąsiorowski, ''s.v.'' "Banaś, Władysław"; in: ''Małopolski słownik biograficzny uczestników działań niepodległościowych, 19391956'', vol. 1, ed. T. Gąsiorowski, ''et al.'', Cracow, Towarzystwo Sympatyków Historii, 1997, p. 17. ISBN 8390456877.〕 Most of those imprisoned at Czarnieckiego 3 could not be helped.〔Stanisław Dąbrowa-Kostka, ''W okupowanym Krakowie: 6 IX 193918 I 1945'', Warsaw, Wydawnictwo MON, 1972, p. 151.〕 During the Nazi occupation of Poland, the total number of prisoners averaged at 150 at any one time: for example, the records for 25 May 1942 show a total of 165.〔''Obozy hitlerowskie na ziemiach polskich 19391945: informator encyklopedyczny'', ed. Cz. Pilichowski ''et al.'' (''for the'' Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce ''and the'' Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1979, p. 252. ISBN 8301000651.〕 On another occasion during the War, there were just 59 prisoners, including 5 women.〔Tadeusz Wroński, ''Kronika okupowanego Krakowa'', Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1974, p. 263.〕 Resistance movement was active within the prison, and prisoners had access to clandestine literature of the underground, while inside information on the prison was being secretly sent out to the Polish government-in-exile.〔''Obozy hitlerowskie na ziemiach polskich 19391945: informator encyklopedyczny'', ed. Cz. Pilichowski ''et al.'' (''for the'' Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce ''and the'' Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa), Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1979, p. 252. ISBN 8301000651. Cf. Grzegorz Ostasz, ''Krakowska Okręgowa Delegatura Rządu na Kraj 19411945'', Rzeszów, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, 1996, p. 110. ISBN 8386705582.〕 On 3 February 1944 the prison was placed under the authority of the commander (''Kommandeur'') for the Cracow region (''Distrikt Krakau'') of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) and of the Sicherheitsdienst (Intelligence Service), at which time the existing prisoners were transferred to alternative locations.〔 The post of the ''Kommandeur'' of these two services was occupied from September 1943 until the end of the Nazi rule in Cracow on 17 January 1945 by Rudolf Batz (19031961) who for fifteen and a half years after the War (until November 1960) avoided capture by living under an assumed identity.〔Alwin Ramme, ''Der Sicherheitsdienst der SS: Zu seiner Funktion im faschistischen Machtapparat und im Besatzungsregime des sogenannten Generalgouvernements Polen'', Berlin, Deutscher Militärverlag, 1970, pp. 259, 280. Tadeusz Wroński, ''Kronika okupowanego Krakowa'', Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1974, p. 292. Cf. ''Teki Archiwalne'', vol. 17, Warsaw, Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, 1978, p. 84. Cf. Grzegorz Ostasz, ''Krakowska Okręgowa Delegatura Rządu na Kraj 19411945'', Rzeszów, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, 1996, p. 46. ISBN 8386705582. Petras Stankeras, "Vokiečių saugumo policijos ir saugumo tarnybos (SD) vado institucija Lietuvos generalinėje srityje 19411944 metais" (The Office of the Commander of the Nazi Security Police and the Security Service in Lithuanian Lands in 19411944), ''Karo archyvas'', vol. 21, Vilnius, Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija, 2006, p. 243 n. 152. ISSN 1392-6489. Cf. also Andrej Angrick & Peter Klein, ''The "Final Solution" in Riga: Exploitation and Annihilation, 19411944'', tr. (from the German) R. Brandon, New York, Berghahn Books, 2009, pp. 443444 & (esp.) 461 n. 27. ISBN 9781845456085, ISBN 1845456084.〕 After the War, the facility continued to be used by the communist authorities of Poland for detention of political prisoners in the Soviet-backed struggle for control over the Polish nation: in March 1946 the prison housed 275 inmates.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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